雕塑设计和制作的基础是用泥塑制作初步的样品，而泥塑作为雕塑制作的基础是不能长久保存的。为了长期保存雕塑，它必须转化为坚硬的材料，如木材，石头，金属等。石膏便于固定原型号，较低，也可以节省。在雕塑制作成坚硬的材料之前，大部分的作品必须先制作成石膏画，然后根据需要进行加工。因此，石膏模具的翻转是雕塑研究中必须掌握的技能之一。
The foundation of sculpture design and production is to make preliminary samples with clay sculpture, and clay sculpture as the basis of sculpture production can not be preserved for a long time. In order to preserve sculpture for a long time, it must be converted into hard materials, such as wood, stone, metal and so on. Gypsum is easy to fix prototype size, low price, and can save. Before sculpture can be made into hard materials, most of the works must be made into gypsum paintings, and then processed according to needs. Therefore, the turnover of gypsum mould is one of the skills that must be mastered in the study of sculpture.
雕塑设计与制作
Sculpture Design and Making
泥塑头部雕塑的设计与制作:
The design and manufacture of clay head sculpture:
(1)翻转泥塑前，先确定砌块位置。在不影响前模的前提下，一般建议将位置划分到侧中心线后的高点，以防止后续模具脱位，便于取泥。
(1) Before turning over the clay sculpture, determine the location of the block. On the premise of not affecting the front die, it is generally recommended to divide the position into the high point behind the side center line to prevent the subsequent dislocation of the die and to facilitate mud removal.
(2)选择插入材料是薄铁皮或塑料垫板,可以切成梯形宽度约2厘米,插入到泥,注意对齐和水平,然后把泥条的边缘插入,以识别的位置插入脱模模具打开时,用钳夹和插入。
(2) Select the insertion material is thin iron or plastic pad, can be cut into trapezoidal width of about 2 cm, insert into the mud, pay attention to alignment and level, and then insert the edge of the mud strip to identify the position of insertion in the demoulding die opening, with clamps and insertion.
(3)备好塑料盆，先放置水(石膏粉与水的比例约为100:80)，然后均匀地撒上石膏粉，石膏充分吸水后，顺势医生轻轻搅拌，搅拌均匀，避免形成结块。
(3) Prepare a plastic basin, first place water (the ratio of gypsum powder to water is about 100:80), then sprinkle gypsum powder evenly. After the gypsum fully absorbs water, the homeopathic doctor stirs gently, stirring evenly, avoiding caking.
(4)石膏一般会在凝结后5 ~ 15分钟左右，所以要控制好时间，将调好的石膏浆液用手向泥塑上浇，可以从正面开始。打石膏浆时，打石膏浆时要吹气，防止产生气泡。这些层被浇到所需的厚度，一般约为1.5厘米。对于大型雕塑，可以适当增加厚度。
(4) Gypsum is usually about 5 to 15 minutes after setting, so we should control the time and pour the adjusted gypsum slurry onto the clay plastic by hand, starting from the front. When beating gypsum slurry, blow air when beating gypsum slurry to prevent bubbles. These layers are poured to the required thickness, usually about 1.5 cm. For large sculptures, the thickness can be increased appropriately.
(5)抹灰时，要防止厚度不均，影响模具的强度。实现这一点是知道的雕像,雕像的高度越高,注意不要洒薄,因为石膏的高点不容易挂浆,很容易拉薄的厚度基本到位,外部用棍棒和麻钢筋,这是防止骨折石膏模型。打开模具时，用不锋利的刀将模具插入模块的缝隙中。加少量水的模块容易松动。
(5) When plastering, it is necessary to prevent uneven thickness from affecting the strength of the die. To achieve this, we need to know that the higher the statue is, pay attention not to spray thin, because the height of gypsum is not easy to hang slurry, it is easy to thin the thickness of the basic position, the external use of sticks and hemp bars, which is to prevent fracture of the gypsum model. When opening the die, insert the die into the gap of the module with a sharp knife. Modules with a small amount of water are easy to loosen.
(6)模具打开后，将泥土挖出，取出雕塑支架，用水冲洗模具内壁，然后用肥皂水作为隔离剂(润滑剂)刷净。待石膏模型干燥后，再合上模具，用石膏外模粘牢，捆扎好。
(6) After opening the mould, dig out the soil, take out the sculpture support, wash the inner wall of the mould with water, and then use soapy water as the separator (lubricant) to clean it. After the gypsum model is dried, the mould is closed and bonded with the gypsum exterior model.
(7)准备好膏药，按比例均匀调整，倒入模具。浇注时注意均匀晃动石膏外模，使石膏均匀附着在雕塑设计制作模具上。内模一般厚度为1 ~ 1.5cm。在颈部位置可将麻丝型浸浆在石膏浆中增稠以增加强度。薄底或几个地方可以使用棕榈丝蘸上石膏浆巩固,模型完成后,等待所有凝固后,可以使用平凿模型外,当挖掘,可以从从后面不重要的地方,方便再次搬到脸部眼睛鼻子的地方,外面模型完全达到,里面模型图像显现出来。
(7) Prepare the plaster, adjust it evenly according to the proportion and pour it into the mould. When pouring, attention should be paid to shaking the gypsum exterior mold evenly, so that the gypsum is evenly attached to the sculpture design and manufacture mold. The thickness of internal model is 1-1.5 cm. The hemp silk grout can be thickened in gypsum grout at the neck to increase its strength. Thin bottom or several places can be consolidated with palm silk dipped in gypsum slurry. After the model is finished, waiting for all solidification, you can use a chisel model. When digging, you can easily move from the back of the unimportant place to the face, eyes and nose again. The outside model is completely achieved, and the model image inside appears.
