景观雕塑与修建艺术的认知和了解
Cognition and understanding of landscape sculpture and construction art
景观雕塑雕塑是年代声音，雕塑作为一种再现艺术，决议着它具有美的共同性和表现性。它的美以形体的造型来反映日子、再现日子。它适宜表现有崇高理想的正面形象，适宜观赏者从不同视点、不同距离进行赏识和领会。雕塑形象关于观赏者来说，因为所在的方位、视点和远近不同而有不同的感触，它能直接感染、熏陶和激起观赏者的心灵。因而，雕塑这种特有的直接的表现性，决议了它的崇高的审美价值。下面，我从几个方面来谈谈自己对雕塑与修建艺术的知道。
Landscape sculpture is the voice of the times. As a reappearance art, sculpture decides that it has the commonality and expressiveness of beauty. Its beauty first reflects the day and reappearance day by the shape of the form. It is most suitable for the expression of a lofty ideal of the positive image, suitable for viewers from different points of view, different distances to appreciate and understand. Sculpture image on the viewer, because the position, perspective and distance are different and have different feelings, it can directly affect, edify and stimulate the viewer's mind. Therefore, the most direct manifestation of sculpture has decided its lofty aesthetic value. Next, I will talk about my knowledge of sculpture and construction art from several aspects.
1.景观雕塑
1. landscape sculpture
景观雕塑的品种可以从不同视点来区分。从制作工艺来分，雕塑可分为雕和塑。雕是从完整而巩固的坯体上把剩余部分删削、挖凿掉，如石雕、木雕、玉雕等；塑是用具有粘结性的资料联接而构成所需求的形体，如泥塑、陶塑等。从体裁来分，雕塑可分为纪念性雕塑、修建装饰性雕塑、城市园林雕塑、宗教雕塑、坟墓雕塑、陈设工艺美术雕塑等。雕塑在表达思维情感时，要有概括性、凝练性和普遍性。
The variety of landscape sculpture can be distinguished from different perspectives. From the production process, sculpture can be divided into sculpture and plastic. Sculpture is to cut and chisel out the remaining parts from a complete and consolidated body, such as stone carving, wood carving, jade carving, etc. Sculpture is to connect with cohesive data to form the required form, such as clay sculpture, pottery and so on. From the genre point of view, sculpture can be divided into commemorative sculpture, decorative sculpture, urban garden sculpture, religious sculpture, tomb sculpture, display arts and crafts sculpture. Sculpture expresses generality, conciseness and universality in expressing thoughts and feelings.
由《断臂维纳斯》咱们可以看到，雕塑是可以从不同侧面、不同视点、不同距离去赏识的。其形体具有实践的高度、宽度与深度，是以三维空间来反映实践的，是具有空间立体感的造型艺术。雕塑是雕塑家经过石头、木头、泥、石膏、象牙以及刻刀、锤子等，运用各种技巧在实践空间内形成的可视、可触、可感的详细形象，是具有空间立体感的雕塑形象。雕塑不仅仅日子的再现，并且仍是精力沟通的手法，也是教育的东西。它有着自己特有的言语结构和特别的表现手法。在富于概括性的雕塑中，可以表现对动作、姿势、脸形、服饰和整个风度、面貌的描绘，使观赏者感觉、联想和幻想更多的日子内容,的雕塑艺术不只要有再现日子的性质，还要具有很强的生命力。法国闻名雕塑家罗丹说，古希腊雕像维纳斯不只能给咱们肌肤的温暖，并且还能给人以实在的生命感。雕塑就是要在形体物化之中，来表现一种生命、心情、情感，乃是一种思维。
From "Broken Arm Venus" we can see that sculpture can be appreciated from different sides, different viewpoints, different distances. Its shape has the height, width and depth of practice, reflects the practice with three-dimensional space, is a three-dimensional plastic arts. Sculpture is a detailed image of a sculptor, which can be seen, touched and felt in the practical space by means of various techniques through stone, wood, mud, gypsum, ivory, carving knife, hammer and so on. It is a sculpture image with three-dimensional sense of space. Sculpture is not only a representation of the day, but also a way of communicating energy and education. It has its own unique speech structure and special way of expression. In the general sculpture, it can express the description of movement, posture, face shape, costume and the whole demeanor and appearance, make the viewer feel, associate and fantasize more of the day content. Excellent sculpture art not only has the nature of reappearing the day, but also has a strong vitality. The famous French sculptor Rodin said that the ancient Greek statue Venus can not only give us the warmth of the skin, but also give us a real sense of life. Sculpture is to materialize the body to express a life, mood, emotion, and even a kind of thinking.
2.修建艺术
2. construction art
修建艺术是修建物和雕塑艺术相融构筑物的总称。修建是人类用砖、石、瓦、木、铁等物质资料在固定的地理方位上修建或构筑内外空间、用来寓居和活动的场所。修建艺术则是指依照美的规则，运用修建艺术共同的艺术言语，使修建形象具有文明价值和审美价值，具有象征性和形式美，表现出民族性和年代感。以其功用性特色为标准，修建艺术可分为纪念性修建、宫廷坟墓修建、宗教修建、住所修建、园林修建、生产修建等类型。从整体来说，修建艺术与工艺美术相同，也是一种实用性与审美性相结合的艺术。修建的实质是人类缔造以供寓居和活动的日子场所，所以，实用性是修建的首要功用，仅仅跟着人类实践的开展，物质技能的进步，修建艺术越来越具有审美价值。修建和雕塑艺术的开展与演化往往不是其本身单线的连续与生长，更多的是不同文明之间、不同艺术品种之间的彼此交叉和影响效果的成果。今世雕塑的造型言语在引入外来艺术的同时，必定也对本身的艺术风格产生影响。
The art of building is the general term for the perfect blend of architecture and sculpture. Building is a place where human beings build or construct internal and external space with brick, stone, tile, wood, iron and other material materials in a fixed geographical position for living and activities. Architectural art refers to the use of common artistic language in accordance with the rules of beauty, so that the image of the building has civilized value and aesthetic value, symbolic and formal beauty, showing a sense of nationality and age. According to its functional characteristics, the art of building can be divided into Memorial building, palace tomb building, religious building, residence building, garden building, production building and other types. As a whole, architectural art is the same as arts and crafts, but also a combination of practicality and aesthetic art. The essence of construction is that human beings create a place for living and activities. Therefore, practicality is the primary function of construction. With the development of human practice, the progress of material skills, construction art has more and more aesthetic value. The development and evolution of building and sculpture art is often not its own single line of continuous growth, more is the result of cross-cutting and influence between different civilizations, different art varieties. The modelling language of modern sculpture, while introducing foreign art, must also have an impact on its own artistic style.
修建雕塑艺术作为社会意识形态之一，在国际艺术领域里占据必定空间。具有可视形象以供赏识的艺术，包含绘画、雕塑、工艺美术、修建艺术等，在我国还包含书法和篆刻艺术。“雕塑艺术”这一名词始见于欧洲17世纪，也有人认为正式呈现于18世纪中叶，其也称为“造型艺术”。
As one of the social ideology, the construction of sculpture art occupies a certain space in the field of international art. Art with visual images for appreciation, including painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, construction art, calligraphy and seal art in China. The term "sculpture art" was first used in Europe in the 17th century. Some people think it was formally presented in the middle of the 18th century. It is also called "plastic art".
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