什么是雕塑,雕塑艺术的特色
What is sculpture, the characteristics of sculpture art
雕塑的产生和开展与人类的生产活动紧密相联，一起又遭到各个年代宗教、哲学等社会知道形态的直接影响。当人类还生活在天然岩洞中，需要与威胁生命的野兽作斗争的蒙昧时期，就现已知道击打石头，并把它打击磨制成锐利的武器或割削东西，进而运用审美知道和智能把一些可利用的物体雕磨成脱离有用的装饰品，以成为单纯的雕塑著作。如在法国发现的15000年前旧石器年代的圆雕裸女和马、野猪等动物浮雕，以及陕西何家湾和辽宁凌源、建平、东沟发现距今5000-6000年新石器年代的石雕、骨雕、陶塑、人像和女神彩塑头像等。原始雕塑是在人类对自然力的崇拜和对动物的崇拜，以及描绘人类自身的过程中逐渐知道世界的一种反映。雕塑是一种性的艺术，古往年代的许多事物经前史长河的冲刷下已化为乌有，历代雕塑遗产在一定意义上成为人类形象的前史。3000年前的妇好墓雕刻，使人能追溯殷商年代的崇奉、准则、文明与艺术。秦始皇陵兵马俑再现了2000多年前一致的帝大军的威仪。西汉霍去病墓石刻大气磅礴，反映了汉武帝开拓疆域的决心和汉朝国威。伴跟着人类社会的开展，雕塑艺术愈来愈证明它是年代、思维、感情、审美观念的结晶，是社会开展形象化的前史记载，是一代一代人向往追求的表现。
The emergence and development of sculpture are closely related to human production activities, and together they are directly influenced by the social knowledge of religion, philosophy and other forms in different ages. When human beings were still living in natural caves and needed to fight against life-threatening beasts, they now knew to hit rocks and grind them into sharp weapons or cutting things. Then they used aesthetic knowledge and intelligence to sculpt some usable objects into simple sculpture works without useful ornaments. For example, the relief sculptures of nude women and horses and wild boars in the Paleolithic Age 15,000 years ago found in France, and the stone sculptures, bone sculptures, pottery sculptures, statues of figures and goddesses in the Neolithic Age 5,000-6,000 years ago found in Hojiawan, Shaanxi Province and Lingyuan, Jianping and Donggou, Liaoning Province, China. Primitive sculpture is a reflection of human beings'worship of natural forces and animals, and their gradual knowledge of the world in the process of describing human beings themselves. Sculpture is a permanent art. Many things in the past have been washed away by the long river of prehistory. The heritage of sculpture in past dynasties has become the prehistory of human image in a sense. The sculpture of Fu Hao's tomb 3000 years ago can trace back to the worship, principles, civilization and art of the Yin and Shang Dynasties in China. The terracotta warriors and horses in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang reproduced the prestige of the emperor's army which was consistent with China more than 2000 years ago. The magnificent carvings of Huo Qubing's tomb in the Western Han Dynasty reflect the determination of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty to open up territory and the national prestige of the Han Dynasty. With the development of human society, sculpture art has increasingly proved to be the crystallization of age, thinking, feeling and aesthetic concepts. It is a prehistoric record of the visualization of social development and a manifestation of the aspirations of generations.
雕塑是运用可塑性、可雕性的物质材料（如石、木、金属、石膏、树脂及粘土等），通过雕、刻、塑、铸、焊等手段制造的反映社会生活，表达审美抱负的具有三维实体的造型艺术，是一种静态的、可视的、可触的三维实体，以主体的造型形象和空间方式反映实际，称之为“凝结的舞蹈和诗句”。跟着年代的开展和观念的变化，在现代艺术中出现了反传统的四维、五维雕塑、动态雕塑以及软雕塑等。使人们改变了时空观念，打破传统的三维的静态的方式，向多维的时空心态方面进行探索。
Sculpture is a plastic and sculptible material (such as stone, wood, metal, gypsum, resin and clay), which reflects social life by means of sculpture, sculpture, sculpture, casting and welding, and expresses aesthetic aspirations. It is a static, visible and touchable three-dimensional entity, reflecting reality in the form of the main body's image and space. It is called "condensed dance and poetry". With the development of the times and the change of ideas, anti-traditional four-dimensional, five-dimensional sculpture, dynamic sculpture and soft sculpture have appeared in modern art. So that people change the concept of space-time, break the traditional three-dimensional static way, to explore the multi-dimensional space-time state.
This article is provided by Shandong Mianmiao Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. To learn more about Shandong landscape sculpture, please pay attention to our website: http://www.mmyljg.com, thank you!
