骨雕在我国的发展历史悠久。1982年，陕西西乡县何家湾出土骨雕人头像，距今约6000多年，是目前我国发现的现年代较早的城市景观雕塑骨雕作品。同时这也为我们研究我国骨雕艺术提供了珍贵实物。新石器时代的先辈以极其落后的生产力，在同大自然搏斗、谋生存的同时，就地取材，创造了这件作品。稚拙古朴之中却也流露出了一种对祖先的崇拜。
Bone carving has a long history in China. In 1982, the head portrait of bone sculptor was unearthed in Hejiawan, Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province, about 6000 years ago. It is the earliest urban landscape sculpture bone sculpture work found in China. At the same time, it also provides precious objects for us to study the art of bone carving in China. The ancestors of the Neolithic Age created this work by using local materials while struggling with nature and seeking survival with extremely backward productivity. But there is also a kind of worship of ancestors in the naive and simple.
20世纪以来，骨雕产地以北京、浙江、内蒙古、福建、广东等地为主。北京骨雕以牛骨为原料，制成手镯、粉盒、裁纸刀等，染以彩色。浙江宁波用牛骨雕刻成浮雕的山水、楼阁等图案，镶嵌于家具。内蒙古包头的骨雕以骆驼骨为原料。福建仙游以牛骨为原料，结合宫廷牙雕、莆田木雕、李耕山水画等工艺，继承传统、发展现代，制成宫廷龙灯、战船、渔船、关公、马车、龙虾、螃蟹等艺术精品。
Since the 20th century, China's bone carvings are mainly produced in Beijing, Zhejiang, Inner Mongolia, Fujian, Guangdong and other places. Beijing bone carvings are made of beef bones, which are made into bracelets, powder boxes, paper cutters, etc. and dyed in color. In Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, cattle bones are carved into relief landscapes, pavilions and other patterns, which are inlaid in furniture. The bone carvings of Baotou in Inner Mongolia are made of camel bone. Xianyou, Fujian Province, is made of beef bones, combined with royal ivory carving, Putian wood carving, Li Geng's landscape painting and other crafts, inheriting the tradition and developing the modern times, and has made such fine arts as palace dragon lantern, warship, fishing boat, Guan Gong, carriage, lobster, crab and so on.
城市景观雕塑骨雕制作工艺
The craft of bone sculpture in urban landscape
1、进料：
1. Feed:
选用牛、骆驼的大腿骨，其中骆驼骨更厚大一些，是做骨雕的关键部位。
Choose the thigh bones of cattle and camels, among which the camel bone is thicker and larger, which is the key part of bone carving.
2、选料：
2. Material selection:
由于大腿骨两头关节部位骨质疏松，需要剔除。所以40厘米50厘米的腿骨只剩下中间13厘米左右的骨料。
Because of osteoporosis in the joints of both ends of the thighbone, it needs to be removed. So 40 cm to 50 cm of leg bone is only about 13 cm of aggregate in the middle.
3、除脂漂白：
3. Degreasing and bleaching:
先用高温的物理方法初步除脂，再用化学方法除脂漂白。这个环节关重要，如果不将骨头里的油脂抽出，骨雕作品就很容易变色乃发霉。
First, the physical method of high temperature was used to remove fat, then the chemical method was used to remove fat and bleach. This link is very important. If the oil in the bone is not extracted, the bone carving works will easily change color and even become moldy.
4、开料：
4. Opening:
按照需要加工的作品类别将骨料切开。
Cut the aggregate according to the type of work to be processed.
5、分工种加工：
5. Division of labor processing:
按照人物、动物、山水以及建筑等类别分类、分工种加工。
According to the classification of people, animals, mountains and rivers, and buildings, the processing is divided into different types.
6、城市景观雕塑总装，细加工，出品。
6. Urban landscape sculpture assembly, fine processing, production.
