园林景观雕塑的审美特征
Aesthetic characteristics of landscape sculpture
雕塑艺术在人类创造的前史上，简直和文明一起诞生，原始的陶俑雕塑在世界各地均有发现，他们距今已有三万到一万年的悠远前史。因为地域的阻隔在绵长的开展中构成了东、西二种艺术风格。一种以古埃及、我国为代表的东方艺术，它着重的是一种装修、安稳、清晰而有严厉标准、又具有写实根底的美，如埃及法老造型、我国兵马俑等。
Sculpture art was born with civilization in the history of human creation. Primitive pottery figurines have been found all over the world. They have a long history of 30,000 to 10,000 years. Because of the barrier of geographical development, there are two eastern and Western artistic styles. A kind of Oriental Art represented by ancient Egypt and China focuses on the decoration, stability, clarity and strict standards, but also has a realistic foundation of the United States, such as Egyptian pharaohs, terracotta warriors and horses in China.
另一种是以古希腊、古罗马为代表的欧洲风格，它着重的是一种特性的描写、生动天然的体态，具有一种健美的体积美。二种风格构成二种文化，雕塑艺术也不破例，雕塑是一种环境艺术，它介于绘画和修建之间，它的体现需求衬托和依靠。黑格尔把雕塑艺术分红二大类，有些雕塑著作自身是独立的，有些雕塑著作是为了装点修建空间效劳的，前一种的环境仅仅由雕塑艺术自身所设置的一个地点，然后一种的环境仅仅由雕琢和它所装点的修建物的联系，这个联系不只决议着雕琢著作的方式，并且在绝大多数情况下还要决议他们的内容，借用黑格尔的美学语言来归纳，前者是独立美，后者是依靠美。展厅雕塑，园林雕塑实质上就是这两种不同类型的美。
The other is the European style represented by ancient Greece and Rome, which emphasizes the description of a characteristic, vivid and natural posture, with a kind of healthy and beautiful volume. Two styles constitute two cultures, sculpture art is not an exception, sculpture is an environmental art, it is between painting and construction, it reflects the needs of the foil and rely on. Hegel divides sculpture into two major categories: some sculpture works are independent of themselves, some sculpture works serve to decorate the building space, the former environment is only a place set by the sculpture itself, and then an environment is only a connection between the sculpture and the building it decorates. Not only does it determine the way in which the work is carved, but in most cases it also determines its content, which is summed up in Hegelian aesthetic language, the former being independent beauty and the latter relying on beauty. The sculpture of exhibition hall and the sculpture of gardens are essentially two different kinds of beauty.
园林室外依靠性雕琢，早能够以为是以砖雕、木雕、石雕及假山、太湖石、黄石等为代表，并且一开端是以一种较为笼统的相貌呈现的，这和西方雕塑艺术开展构成反转联系，体现为东方的雕塑是先笼统后具象，而西方是先具象后笼统，这种联系在园林雕塑中反映得特别显着。欧洲园林，开端就体现出严谨性，十七世纪法国造园准则是：不加以调理和安排均齐，人们所能找到的的东西都是有缺点的。甚要天然承受均衡对称的法规，可见它缺少随类赋彩的灵性，直到现代毕加索，马蒂斯从东方艺术中找到这种感觉，西方园林才日趋多样化。音乐用节奏变现规律，园林也用它特有的节奏、旋律体现出地势、奇峰异石、小桥和流水。
Dependent carving outside gardens can be considered as the earliest representative of brick carving, wood carving, stone carving and rockery, Taihu stone, Yellowstone, etc., and the beginning is a more general appearance, which forms a reverse link with the development of Western sculpture art, embodied in the Eastern sculpture is first general and then concrete, while the West is first. After all, this connection is particularly remarkable in landscape sculpture. European gardens began with strictness, and the 17th century French gardening code was that the most perfect thing one could find was faulty without regulation and arrangement. Even to bear the law of balance and symmetry naturally, we can see that it lacks the spirit of coloring with classes. It was not until modern Picasso and Matisse found this feeling in oriental art that Western gardens became increasingly diversified. Music uses rhythm to reveal the law, gardens also use its unique rhythm, melody reflects the terrain, strange peaks and stones, bridges and water.
园林雕塑与我国的水墨画相同，以泼墨淋漓的大写意来体现意境，它蕴含着几千年的东方文化的堆积、人文习俗和山水灵气，我以为园林中早的雕塑就是园林之石太湖石黄石等，从石峰型体的凹凸，透与实，绉与平，高与低来看都具有激烈的抒发韵律感，正是绝好的后现代派雕塑著作。
Landscape sculpture is the same as Chinese ink painting. It reflects the artistic conception with ink-splashing freehand brushwork. It contains thousands of years of accumulation of Oriental culture, cultural customs and landscape spirit. I think the earliest sculpture in the garden is the stone of Taihu Lake, such as Huangshi. From the concave and convex shape of the stone peak, through and real, crepe and peace, high and low. All of them are intensely expressing their sense of rhyme. They are excellent post-modernist sculptures.
石头在这里步进式一种笼统化了的雕塑，它更是具有一种内在，一种装点、装修，重要的是人赋予了它一种标志、一种精神、一种习俗、一种时令。并在园林中扮演一种艺术文化的人物，在庭院中它是镇园之石。在中堂大厅是古董佳品，体现了主任的情味爱好，在盆景中一块奇石就成了咫尺千里的风景，石头更是诗人、画家诵读和体现的体裁，无生命的顽石在文人雅士严峻，有着极高的审美认识，他们能从石峰造型的跌宕起伏中领悟到它的美学价值，从古典园林中下来的名石看，大都是巨大傲岸，性质巨美的石峰。
Stone here step-by-step a general sculpture, it is more with an internal, a decoration, decoration, it is important that people give it a symbol, a spirit, a custom, a season. It also acts as an artistic and cultural figure in the garden. It is the stone of the town garden in the courtyard. In the hall is a fine antique, reflecting the director's taste and hobby, in the bonsai a strange stone has become a landscape within a thousand miles, stone is poets, painters read and reflect the genre, inanimate stone in literati elegant scholars grim, has a very high aesthetic understanding, they can understand the ups and downs of the shape of the stone peak As far as its aesthetic value is concerned, most of the famous stones left over from the classical gardens are huge and beautiful peaks.
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